Articles

Clothes as Means to Visualize Ethnicity: A Case of Name Correction Process of Taiwan Indigenous Sakizaya People
Nobayashi, Atsushi

Research Resources

Un document inedit a propos des ouvrages de Francois Petis de La Croix (1653?1713)
Tetsuo Nishio, Naoko Okamoto

Work Ethic in a Japanese Museum Environment: A Case Study of the National Museum of Ethnology
Alex de Voogt, Shimpei C. Ota, and Jonas W. B. Lang

Trends of Museum Exhibitions on “Race” and “Racism”: Cases of Exhibitions by Musee de l’Homme in France and the American Anthropological Association
Kamei, Nobutaka

Clothes as Means to Visualize Ethnicity:
A Case of Name Correction Process of Taiwan Indigenous Sakizaya People
Atsushi Nobayashi^＊

　This paper introduces the process by which the Sakizaya, a group of indigenous peoples in Taiwan, created new clothes as a means to visualize their ethnicity. Social and ethnic relations, politics, consciousness of authenticity on their cultural history and economic efficiency are also discussed. The Sakizaya people attempts to visualize their ethnicity to complete the name correction as Sakizaya, an independent indigenous group.
　In the absence of historical materials certifying the uniqueness of the folk clothes of Sakizaya, Sakizaya tried to create new clothes recognized as theirs by other peoples and by themselves. The Sakizaya have been influenced strongly by other indigenous peoples and the majority Han Taiwanese and they did not pass down ethnic costumes. Sakizaya peoples strove to make new clothes that differed from those of other ethnic groups and which emphasized the Sakizaya identity. Historical experiences and the symbolic things were implied in embroidery of clothes.
　It is expected that Sakizaya’s clothes not only emphasize the identity and cultural characteristics of wearing people but also play a role to make the people who wear it to be received from others. It is one of the important functions of clothes to be approved by others.

1　目的
　　1.1　衣服におけるエスニシティの表現
2　原住民族と正名運動
3　サキザヤ族の「正名」運動
4　新たな衣服の創作過程
5　衣服の構成と配色の含意
6　衣服におけるアミ族との関係性とサキザヤ族エスニシティ
7　考察
　　7.1　民族間関係の中の衣服
　　7.2　衣服の歴史性と真正性 8　結び

* 国立民族学博物館

Key Words：clothes, ethnicity, Sakizaya, Taiwan indigenous peoples, name correction movement

Un document inedit a propos des ouvrages de Francois Petis de La Croix (1653?1713)
Tetsuo Nishio^＊et Naoko Okamoto^＊

1　Objet de recherche
2　Biographie de Petis de La Croix
3　Document inedit a propos des ouvrages de Petis de La Croix
　　3.1　Le redacteur du document: l’Abbe Philippe Drouyn
　　3.2　Texte critique
4　Reference pour comparaison
5　Pour la rehabilitation de Petis de La Croix

* Musee national d’ethnologie

Mots Cles：Francois Petis de La Croix, Philippe Drouyn, bibliographie, Antoine Galland, Mille et Une Nuits

Work Ethic in a Japanese Museum Environment: A Case Study of the National Museum of Ethnology
Alex de Voogt^＊, Shimpei C. Ota^＊＊, and Jonas W. B. Lang^＊＊＊

　Museums are organizations that, depending on their size, each have a unique combination of workers. Typically included are employees whose duties are concerned with visitors, the public raison d’etre of a museum. Collections and exhibits require academically trained specialists while the organization as a whole needs administrators and managerial staff. In addition, there are possible for-profit activities, such as museum shops and restaurants, in an otherwise mostly non-profit environment. This situation may be further complicated by volunteer, temporary, part-time, long-term or even tenured contracts for the people involved.
　The unique and complex combination of workers of a museum is commonly housed in a singular building, a space in which all people may interact or encounter each other daily. As a result of the organic relationships among all staff members, the organization is still a whole, i.e., a museum, and not a combination of unrelated practices.
　When employees of organizations are studied within management or organizational psychology disciplines, this diversity among employees is often absent. Non-profit organizations are already less often studied but especially part-time and non-managerial workers are rarely included in surveys that seek to understand organizational behavior (Bergman and Jean 2015).
　The following study of people working at the National Museum of Ethnology, or Minpaku, a Japanese institution with the largest ethnographic collections in Japan, includes a wide array of employees. They were provided with a one-page questionnaire on work ethic to confirm or contrast results from previous research elsewhere. Where the findings contradict earlier studies, recommendations are made for future research in which studies on museum organizations can play a pivotal role to address the needs in fields of management and organizational psychology.

1　Work Ethic
2　Theoretical Ideas about the Changes in Work Ethic
3　Setting and Contexts
4　Preliminary Ethnographic Study
5　Method and Measures
6　Results for the Minpaku
7　Discussion

* Department of Economics and Business, Drew University
** Department of Cross-Field Research, National Museum of Ethnology
*** Department of Personnel Management, Work, and Organizational Psychology, Ghent University

Key Words：museum administration, organizational psychology, organizational management, lottery question, post-industrial society

Trends of Museum Exhibitions on “Race” and “Racism”:
Cases of Exhibitions by Musee de l’Homme in France and the American Anthropological Association
Nobutaka Kamei^＊

1　はじめに―本報告の目的と背景
　　1.1　近年における人種主義の再燃
　　1.2　人類学および博物館の役割
　　1.3　フランスとアメリカにおける展示会の試み
2　【事例1】フランス，人類博物館による展示会
　　2.1　展示会の概要紹介
　　　（1）分類をめぐる政治性
　　　（2）人種主義の構築過程
　　　（3）人種主義がもたらした悲劇
　　　（4）世界の他の地域の事例
　　　（5）自然科学の成果
　　　（6）素朴な疑問と回答
　　　（7）フランス社会における現状
　　2.2　展示会のおもな特徴
3　【事例2】アメリカ人類学会による展示会
　　3.1　展示会の概要紹介
　　　（1）総論的なエントランス
　　　（2）歴史的経緯とアメリカ社会の現状
　　　（3）新しい成果と未来への提言
　　3.2　展示会のおもな特徴
4　フランスとアメリカの展示会を比較して
　　4.1　両展示会の共通点
　　4.2　両展示会の相違点
5　おわりに―同時代における意義と課題，今後への示唆
　　5.1　同時代におけるふたつの展示会の意義
　　5.2　残された諸課題
　　5.3　日本における今後への示唆

* 愛知県立大学

Key Words：race, racism, museum exhibition, Musee de l’Homme, American Anthropological Association (AAA)